7 Answer

Below is the answer to challenge 1:

ggplot(data=housedata2, aes(x= yearchi, y=priceper,group=region,color=region)) +geom_point(size=2)+
  geom_line(size = 1)+
  scale_colour_hue(breaks=c( "London" ,"South East" ,"East of England" ,"South West","West Midlands","Yorkshire and The Humber","East Midlands","North West","North East") )+
  theme_bw()+
  theme(axis.title = element_text(size=15),
        axis.text = element_text(size=13),
        strip.text = element_text(size=15),
        legend.text = element_text(size=11),
        legend.title = element_text(size=15))+
  ylab(bquote("House price ( £/"~m^2 ~ ")"))+
  xlab("Year")+
  guides(color=guide_legend("Region")) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma,)+
  scale_x_continuous(breaks =  c(2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016))

You also can change the legend label text by setting the labels using scale_colour_hue.

ggplot(data=housedata2, aes(x= yearchi, y=priceper,group=region,color=region)) +geom_point(size=1.8)+
  geom_line(size = 0.8)+
  scale_colour_hue(breaks=c( "London" ,"South East" ,"East of England" ,"South West","West Midlands","Yorkshire and The Humber","East Midlands","North West","North East"),
                   labels=c("LD","SE","EE","SW","WM","YH","EM","NW","NE") )+
  theme_bw()+
  theme(axis.title = element_text(size=15), 
        axis.text = element_text(size=13),
        strip.text = element_text(size=15),
        legend.text = element_text(size=11),
        legend.title = element_text(size=15))+
  ylab(bquote("House price ( £/"~m^2 ~ ")"))+
  xlab("Year")+
  guides(color=guide_legend("Region")) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma,)+
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016))

Below is the answer to challenge 2:

ggplot(data=result1,aes(x=yearchi, y=ranknew,group=region,color=region))+
  geom_line(aes(color = region, alpha = 1), size = 0.7) +
  geom_point(data = result1[(result1$yearchi == "2009"|result1$yearchi == "2016"),],
             aes(x=yearchi, y=ranknew,group=region,color = region),
             size = 8)+
  geom_text(data = result1[result1$yearchi == "2016",], 
            aes(label = region) , 
            position = position_nudge(x = 0.4),
            hjust = 0,
            size = 5) +
  geom_label(data = result1[(result1$yearchi == "2009"|result1$yearchi == "2016"),],
             aes(label = ranknew), 
             color="white",
             alpha = 0,
             size = 5,
             label.padding = unit(0.00, "lines"), 
             label.size = 0.0)+
  theme_bw()+ scale_x_continuous(limits = c(2007, 2021),breaks = c(2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016))+
  scale_y_reverse( breaks = unique(result1$ranknew))+
  theme(legend.position = "none",axis.text = element_text(size=13))+
  theme(axis.line=element_blank(),
      axis.text.y=element_blank(),
      axis.ticks=element_blank(),
      axis.title.x=element_blank(),
      axis.title.y=element_blank(),
      panel.background=element_blank(),
      panel.border=element_blank(),
      panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),
      panel.grid.minor.x=element_blank(),
      panel.grid.minor.y=element_blank(),
      plot.background=element_blank())+
  scale_colour_manual(values=c("#238443", "#252525","#252525", "#252525","#d95f0e", "#252525","#252525", "#252525","#d95f0e"))  

## A more efficient approach
cols <- c("East Midlands" = "#238443","East of England" = "#252525","North East" = "#252525","London" = "#252525","South East" = "#252525","West Midlands" = "#252525","South West" = "#252525", "Yorkshire and The Humber" = "#d95f0e", "North West" = "#d95f0e")

ggplot(data=result1,aes(x=yearchi, y=ranknew,group=region,color=region))+
  geom_line(aes(color = region, alpha = 1), size = 0.7) +
  geom_point(data = result1[(result1$yearchi == "2009"|result1$yearchi == "2016"),],
             aes(x=yearchi, y=ranknew,group=region,color = region),
             size = 8)+
  geom_text(data = result1[result1$yearchi == "2016",], 
            aes(label = region) , 
            position = position_nudge(x = 0.4),
            hjust = 0,
            size = 5) +
  geom_label(data = result1[(result1$yearchi == "2009"|result1$yearchi == "2016"),],
             aes(label = ranknew), 
             color="white",
             alpha = 0,
             size = 5,
             label.padding = unit(0.00, "lines"), 
             label.size = 0.0)+
  theme_bw()+ scale_x_continuous(limits = c(2007, 2021),breaks = c(2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016))+
  scale_y_reverse( breaks = unique(result1$ranknew))+
  theme(legend.position = "none",axis.text = element_text(size=13))+
  theme(axis.line=element_blank(),
      axis.text.y=element_blank(),
      axis.ticks=element_blank(),
      axis.title.x=element_blank(),
      axis.title.y=element_blank(),
      panel.background=element_blank(),
      panel.border=element_blank(),
      panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),
      panel.grid.minor.x=element_blank(),
      panel.grid.minor.y=element_blank(),
      plot.background=element_blank())+
  scale_colour_manual(values = cols)